Which of the following is not considered a visual reference for takeoff?

Taxiway lights are not considered a visual reference for takeoff. During takeoff, pilots rely on specific visual cues directly related to the runway environment to ensure a safe and effective departure.

The runway edge lights serve to outline the edges of the runway, helping to define its boundaries, particularly during low visibility conditions. Centerline markings are critical visual references, as they guide pilots along the center of the runway during takeoff. Runway threshold lights indicate the beginning of the runway usable for landing and takeoff, providing an important point of reference for alignment and distance.

In contrast, taxiway lights are used to guide aircraft on the taxiways, which are separate from the runway environment where takeoff occurs. They do not provide necessary reference points during the actual takeoff roll, thereby making them irrelevant in this context.